Towards an Open Science: Causality and Beyond—Learning from Ottoman Experience
Popper described those who aspire to build a unified and all comprehensive theory of the world as enemies of an open society because the advocates of such theories would discriminate against alternative approaches, and their advocates, which would lead to authoritarianism if backed by the state. The solution Popper offered was to
test these. theories against data or to subject them to the test of falsification.