Muhammad Rashid Rida’s Perspectives on the West as Reflected in Al-Manar
There has been a tendency to portray Muḥammad Rashid Rida (1865-1935) as a mere transmitter of the ideas of Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905) and loyal defender of his thought. Albert Hourani described Ridá as "Abduh's liege man: the mouthpiece of his ideas, the guardian of his good name, and his biographer." Rida's ideas were treated as an extension of ' Abduh's thought and in line with the framework which the latter designed for reforming and reinvigorating