(Baker Institute Rice Faculty Scholar and Chair in Islamic Economics، Finance and Management، Rice University، Houston، Texas) Mahmoud A. El-Gamal، Ph.D.، is a professor in the Department of Economics at Rice University، where he also holds the endowed Chair in Islamic Economics، Finance and Management. He is also a Rice scholar at the Baker Institute at Rice University. Before joining Rice in 1998، he was an associate professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.