Tamwil al-tanmiyah fi al-iqtisad al-Islami : dirasah muqaranah (Ph.D. Thesis)
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral--JÄ'miat al-Azhar, 1982).
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctoral--JÄ'miat al-Azhar, 1982).
This thesis studies problems pertaining to capital accumulation in the context of 20th century Middle Eastern economic development. Chapter two outlines economic growth in inter-war Egypt, focusing on the pattern and determinants of Egyptian physical and human capital accumulation, and also distinguishing internal factors from those operating in the inter-war global economy. Chapter three examines the Egyptian cotton policy regime in the first half of the 20th century, and evaluates Egypt's ability to impose an export cotton tariff to its advantage.
This dissertation argues that conflicts between Islamic beliefs and Western banking practices are not necessary if financial institutions are created that correspond with the institutional structure of Saudi society. There are low levels of participation in the Saudi banking system because of the interest-based nature of most banking institutions. The Saudi banking system has a much higher share of bank deposits in non-interest (demand) deposits when compared to both advanced and developing countries.
There is debate over the extent to which a banking system can stimulate growth in developing economies. This thesis argues that various macro- and micro-level factors both create and inhibit financial deepening. The state, sources of capital, international financial institutions, and politics directly influence the structure and ability of banks to help promote growth. Iran is chosen as a case study due to its transformation from a traditional finance system and an entirely Islamic banking system.
This thesis focuses on the works of Muhammad Baqer as-Sadr pertaining to Islamic law. As background, the debate between the Akhbari and the Usuli schools of thought with regards to constitutional law in the 18th century is analyzed. Sadr's constitutional model for Iran, proposed in 1979, is examined, as are further constitutional law developments in the decade following the revolution.